朗讀鄉(xiāng)愁心得體會(huì)和感想讀鄉(xiāng)愁的感受600字(七篇)

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格式：DOC 上傳日期：2023-01-09 01:30:56 頁(yè)碼：7

2023-01-09 01:30:56 小編：ZTFB

當(dāng)我們備受啟迪時(shí)，常?？梢詫⑺鼈儗?xiě)成一篇心得體會(huì)，如此就可以提升我們寫(xiě)作能力了。那么心得體會(huì)該怎么寫(xiě)？想必這讓大家都很苦惱吧。下面是小編幫大家整理的優(yōu)秀心得體會(huì)范文，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。

最新朗讀鄉(xiāng)愁心得體會(huì)和感想四

初中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力口語(yǔ)自動(dòng)化考試訓(xùn)練材料

第一部分

朗讀短文

用正確的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)朗讀下面的短文

1（新）

everybody thinks i have a real gift for r, i once did not like art lessons because i could not draw very day, i was playing with some paint as usual in ms lou’s art lesson.i mixed the paint with i took the brush away, i dropped some paint onto the g at the mark, i decided to blow paint began to run, so i blew paint ran in all directions and made a very interesting picture!“that’s a very good picture, sandy.” ms luo encouraged me to keep then, i have been crazy about crayons and paints.2（新）

winter is my favourite is very cold and everyone has to wear thick warm clothes, but i always enjoy the winter here in temperature is usually below zero and it is often hing is covered in deep white snow, and the lakes and rivers are this season, you cannot see beautiful flowers or green trees, but the land is quiet and friends and i love playing outside in is exciting to have big snowball also make snowmen and use carrots for their look is great!

3（新）

my farther has worked in a local factory for will not find anything unusual about him until you learn father has always been kind and has donated blood many times since blood he has donated is enough to save over 70 has also donated blood cells to people with blood my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his i was a little girl, i could not understand why my father always seemed to be kinder to others than to his own i realize that he has a heart full of g nature reserve is in north-east is one of the world’s most important area provides food and cover for a lot of is a perfect place for some rare people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and will lead to less and less space for the chinese government has made laws to protect ds are important because they provide food and shelter for wildlife including some endangered birds, and they also help prevent must protect the home of plants, fish and birds in zhalong.5（16年29）

twenty years ago, mobile phones were rather important or rich people had r, these days more people have them in their hands, even high school is true that mobile phones can be very are an easy way to keep in touch with friends and family members anywhere and at any we also hear mobile phones ring in places like classrooms, cinemas and sound is very loud and can disturb drivers have accidents because they use their mobile phones while , are mobile phones really a good thing?

6（16年2）

dear millie, thank you very much for your letter.i hope i can offer you some useful said you often stay up late to finish all your your day a list of all the homework you work out how much time you need to finish it will give you an idea of how much spare time you also said that you do not have enough time for your about choosing your hobby according to the time you have? i hope you think my advice is worth wishes, helen

7（16年13）

today, we are going to make potato stamps are very easy to , you should get a large ’t use a small one, as it’ll be too difficult to , wash want to be sure to get it really cut it in half with a careful!i don’t want anyone to get , you should draw a design on the end of the potato with a carefully cut the design out with the tip of your you’re done, pour some paint onto the put the cut end of your potato into the y, put the potato onto a piece of ’t that fun?

8（16年12）

we are going to hold a talk on good table manners this purpose is to teach students rules for will be a lot of advice on table all, when you are sitting at the table, you should not start eating until everyone is ready, and it is impolite to make too much noise while you are eating or should not eat with your mouth open or talk with food in your you leave the table, wait for everyone to rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the york, london, paris and many other cities are exciting places to are lots of interesting things to see and there are serious problems in big cities is expensive to live there, and there are too many year many people move to the cities to find work, study at good schools and receive high-quality medical sometimes these people can’t find work or good places to it is hard to keep big cities safe and , before people move to a big city, they should think about these problems they might have to deal with there.10（16年1）

halloween is on october celebrate it in many en wear special costumes and masks at children play a game called “trick or treat”.they knock on their neighbours’ doors and shout “trick or treat”.their neighbours usually give them some candy as a “treat”.if the children do not get any candy, they can play a trick on their people also make lanterns out of big orange cut out the eyes, the nose and the sharp put candles in them so the light shines through the eyes, the nose and the urs lived on the earth a long time now know that the first dinosaurs appeared about 230 million years re were hundreds of different kinds of dinosaurs, but they didn’t live at the same dinosaurs were really of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long and weighed about three were really very large ones weighed over 100,000 kilograms and some were about 40 metres dinosaurs ate plants and others ate meat, but they didn’t eat dinosaurs had four legs and lived on land.12（16年8）

our environment is changing for the worse, so it is time for us to go are some simple steps to take at can save water by taking shorter showers and turning off the tap when we brush our order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a other good habits can help reduce pollution should not use plastic bags when ing is also a good way to help reduce should separate waste into different groups so that it can be these small steps, and you can make a big difference to the earth!

13（增加了一個(gè)yours,要重新錄音）

dear sir, i would like to recommend daniel for this year’s young star is a clever learns things always thinks carefully when he plans everything is really week, a five-year-old boy lost his way and was crying in the saw him and took him to the police stayed with the boy and played with him for two hours before the boy’s parents the members at the helping hands club think that daniel should get the look forward to hearing from you , sandy hello, everyone!i’ve got some great news for you school basketball team is in the final round of the basketball competition!the match will be on sunday, the 7th of november, at south hill , listen carefully to the plan for the 9 a.m., we’ll meet at the school ’ll arrive at south hill school at 10 match will start at 10:30 the match finishes, there will be the presentation of the cup and bus will leave at 12 noon from south hill school and bring you back to come and support our team.15（16年16）

this year’s beijing music awards will be covered live this the big pop stars will the awards start, we will interview some of the most famous thousand fans have voted online for their favourite songs, singers and music results will be announced during the programme and the host will ask questions for the viewers to you are watching the awards, write down your answers and send text messages to you are lucky enough, you could win two free concert tickets.16（16年23）

everyone needs is an old saying, “friends are god’s way of taking care of us.” but how do you find real friendship and keep it?

first, you should choose a friend.a good friend should be kind and example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complaints and do his or her best to friendships are not always best friends have you have a fight with your friend, try to talk to him or he or she doesn’t want to talk, don’t be could write a letter need to do something for giant are now in example, giant pandas do not have many babies during their lives, and it’s easy for baby pandas to get sick and die when they are very , giant pandas mainly live on a special kind of bamboo, so the bamboo forests are very important to r, the bamboo forests are becoming smaller and a result, giant pandas may not have a place to live or food to are now only about 1,600 pandas in the should take action to protect them right away.18（16年22）

i love reading.i spend over seven hours a week reading different types of weekdays, i usually read for about half an hour before going to bed.i read a lot at the weekend.i am interested in history books, but i like novels four great classical chinese novels are my favourite.i get most of my books from sunshine library — it is just opposite my friends give me lots of advice on often meet together and discuss what to g is always a wonderful books are good also open up a whole new world to me.i have to choose a new colour for my ’s a very important decision, because colour can change a person’s mood.i like orange, because it’s a happy, warm can make people feel best friend jack doesn’t agree thinks green is says that green represents nature and that it can make you feel energetic.i remind jack that green is also the colour of mother recommends thinks blue is a calm and peaceful colour, so it will make me less stressed and help me relax after s she is right.20（16年6）

all around the world, people drink tea does not mean the same thing to different countries people have very different ideas about drinking china people like to have tea together with their drink tea at any time of the y put only tea leaves in their prefer tea with nothing in is also popular in have tea every the way they drink it is different from that in the usa people drink tea at breakfast or after usually use tea bags to make their sandy, i have just listened to a programme on the was about a new cd-rom pack called “daily english”.it is a new course from pack includes a book and five is very good for tourists and students.i’m sure we can learn a lot from can learn about how to use the telephone and how to ask and answer can also learn to talk about the weather and the course covers many topics, such as travel and hotels, food and drink, and shopping and money.i am going to order a pack you want me to order one for you too? regards, millie

22（16年18）

yesterday we visited the summer palace and spent about three hours in palace is a large chinese garden set in a natural landscape and mainly includes a hill and a lake is very big — it takes up three quarters of the was frozen, so we could not row a boat was really a the lake is a 17-hole are over 50 stone lions on both sides of lions are all different from each ’t it amazing? the summer palace was once a nice place for the emperors to spend the summer and it is well worth a visit.23（16年15）

my neighbours are kind and of them are have different skills and often help us with all kinds of y there is a “helping hands” meeting at the go there when they need help with their er engineers are help people check their can also find someone to fix things like broken ts can get help with their are some college students among the volunteers, and they are always ready to are lucky to live in a neighbourhood like here are like a big family.24（16年24）

kites have a long history in chinese began to make kites over 2,000 years first kite in history was made out of wood by student lu ban used bamboo to make the eastern han dynasty, cai lun found a new way to make paper, and then people began to use paper to make the 13th century, an italian man called marco polo visited told people in the west all about the ming and qing dynasties, kite flying became a very popular outdoor liked to fly kites on sunny, windy days in spring.25（16年3）

my ideal school starts at 8 finishes at 3 p.m.i love sports and computers, so we have pe and computer lessons every classes are quite are about 20 students in each is a big dining we can eat and chat with our is a park on one side of our school and a shopping mall on the have a big also have a tennis court and a swimming are lots of clubs and after-school month, we go on a school trip to a museum or a ming was born in shanghai in got his first basketball when he was only four years old, but he did not become serious about basketball until he was joined the houston rockets in 2002 and became the best chinese player to have ever played in the yao ming lived in the usa, he returned to china whenever he was took part in the olympics in 2004 and in 2008 as one of the chinese he ended his basketball career, yao has done a lot of charity work, especially for poor chinese was set up in 1946 to help children after the war in , unicef helps children all over the works in 158 helps governments and families make the world a better place for gets its money from raises money by selling christmas cards and organizing other fund-raising can help unicef by doing voluntary believes that all children should have clean water and food so that they can be also believes that they should go to school instead of working to support their name is lucy.i am in year 9 at woodland school near is a mixed and girls have lessons favourite subject is ng foreign languages is school has a reading week every the week, we can borrow more books from the school can also bring in books and magazines from home.i often read more books than my the end of the week, we discuss the books with our classmates in seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books.29（16年5）

dear classmates, have you ever had any problems? are you wondering who you can ask for advice? if so, you can write to mr sigmund may wonder who he is a youth you know what a youth worker does? mr friend says that youth workers help young people solve their are doing a great of my friends wrote to mr friend and asked how they could deal with their they got his they know what they should wishes, millie

in the chinese lunar calendar, there are 12 animal of them represents a lunar is said that the animals held an exciting race to decide their the race began, the strong, hard-working ox took the ly, the clever rat jumped on the ox’s back and won the race!the ox came second, the tiger third, and so it pig took his time and came cycle of animal years repeats every 12 people believe that people born in the same animal year may share similar example, they believe people born in the year of the dragon are powerful and energetic.

最新朗讀鄉(xiāng)愁心得體會(huì)和感想六

教材分析

《敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)》是一篇宣講人生與事業(yè)關(guān)系的演講詞。本文緊扣中心“敬業(yè)樂(lè)業(yè)”展開(kāi)論述。開(kāi)始援引古籍提出中心論點(diǎn)，闡明“敬業(yè)樂(lè)業(yè)”的主旨;接著論述有業(yè)之必要，再轉(zhuǎn)入論述主體，分別從敬業(yè)和樂(lè)業(yè)兩方面逐一論述;最后用“責(zé)任心”和“趣味”總結(jié)精神旨意，收束全文。全文主旨鮮明，層次清晰，語(yǔ)言通俗，文短意長(zhǎng)。從情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀維度看，學(xué)習(xí)課文意在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生感受先哲的思想風(fēng)采，品味哲理，深入思考人生問(wèn)題，豐富個(gè)性內(nèi)涵。

課時(shí)安排：2課時(shí)

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

知識(shí)目標(biāo)

1.理解積累“敬業(yè)樂(lè)群、安居樂(lè)業(yè)、斷章取義、不二法門(mén)、言不及義、褻瀆、強(qiáng)聒不舍”等詞。

2.體會(huì)演講詞的文體特點(diǎn)。3.初步學(xué)習(xí)舉例子和講道理的論證方法。

能力目標(biāo)

1.理清作者的思路，體會(huì)作者是怎樣層層深入地論述自己的觀點(diǎn)。

2.仔細(xì)體會(huì)演講和口語(yǔ)特色的巧妙結(jié)合。

情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀?

1.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生品味與領(lǐng)悟“敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)”的精神。

2.建立快樂(lè)學(xué)習(xí)觀：尊敬學(xué)習(xí)，就是尊敬自己。

教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)

重點(diǎn)

1.仔細(xì)體會(huì)演講和口語(yǔ)特色的巧妙結(jié)合。

2.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解“敬業(yè)”與“樂(lè)業(yè)”的重要性，并聯(lián)系自己的實(shí)際，用敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)的態(tài)度對(duì)待生活。

突破方法：通過(guò)范讀、跟讀、自由讀等方式體會(huì)演講詞的特點(diǎn)。本文教學(xué)擬設(shè)一系列緊扣文本又貼近生活的話題，在對(duì)話中推動(dòng)學(xué)生的閱讀、思考和探究。

難點(diǎn)：對(duì)“敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)”精神的真切領(lǐng)悟與質(zhì)疑問(wèn)難。

突破方法：結(jié)合練習(xí)四，組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行研討和辯論;還可以結(jié)合練習(xí)二提出的兩種論證方法，進(jìn)行小論文或辯論提綱的寫(xiě)作。領(lǐng)悟作者精神旨意時(shí)，結(jié)合學(xué)生的生活、學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)，同時(shí)結(jié)合中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的特定背景，來(lái)領(lǐng)會(huì)梁?jiǎn)⒊岢熬礃I(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)”的良苦用心。

教學(xué)方法

1.誦讀法：這篇演講詞語(yǔ)言表達(dá)通俗淺顯，大量引用經(jīng)典、格言。教學(xué)中引導(dǎo)學(xué)生反復(fù)誦讀，整體把握課文主要觀點(diǎn)和思路，體會(huì)演講的口語(yǔ)特色。

2.研討探究法：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)研討，深層理解“敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)”的主旨，同時(shí)對(duì)文中的觀點(diǎn)大膽質(zhì)疑問(wèn)難，辯證理解人生問(wèn)題，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的逆向思維和批判質(zhì)疑能力。

第1課時(shí)

一、問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)、情景創(chuàng)設(shè)

設(shè)計(jì)(一)

由學(xué)生的生活和學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)導(dǎo)入：?jiǎn)枺耗闶裁磿r(shí)間最快樂(lè)?(學(xué)生談自己的體會(huì))

問(wèn)：雷鋒日記中有一句話“對(duì)待工作要像夏天般的火熱”，你從這句話中想到了什么?

問(wèn)：牛頓在實(shí)驗(yàn)室作實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)忘了吃飯，居里夫婦在艱苦的環(huán)境中經(jīng)過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)次的試驗(yàn)終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳……這些科學(xué)家們?yōu)槭裁茨苓@樣?(學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的理解回答)

小結(jié)：他們不僅有偉大的理想，更有一種執(zhí)著的敬業(yè)精神。他們以勞動(dòng)為快樂(lè)，以通過(guò)自己的勞動(dòng)為人類創(chuàng)造財(cái)富為快樂(lè)，這是值得每一個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)的可貴的敬業(yè)精神。今天我們就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一篇教我們“敬業(yè)”“樂(lè)業(yè)”的文章。

設(shè)計(jì)(二)

米盧在擔(dān)任中國(guó)足球教練時(shí)，曾講過(guò)一句話“態(tài)度決定一切”，啟迪的不僅是奮進(jìn)中的中國(guó)足球，更引發(fā)了人們對(duì)生活態(tài)度、處事原則的深層思考。“態(tài)度”是一切事情能否成功的至關(guān)重要的因素，我們的學(xué)習(xí)又何嘗不是這樣呢?今天，我們一起走進(jìn)近代思想家梁?jiǎn)⒊难葜v詞——《敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)》，讓我們?cè)诟兄日芩枷腼L(fēng)采中，觀照自己的學(xué)習(xí)精神和生活態(tài)度，領(lǐng)悟人生價(jià)值。

二、初讀課文，整體感知

1.誦讀，整體感知文意。

先讓學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)單介紹自己了解的梁?jiǎn)⒊?。由學(xué)生交流各自準(zhǔn)備的有關(guān)梁?jiǎn)⒊馁Y料，然后教師做適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充，并點(diǎn)明這篇文章的寫(xiě)作背景。

教師朗讀課文，學(xué)生聽(tīng)讀，并做好標(biāo)記。

多媒體投影需要注意的詞語(yǔ)，讓學(xué)生讀寫(xiě)：

(1)敬業(yè)樂(lè)群：對(duì)自己的事業(yè)很盡職，和朋友相處很融洽。

(2)安居樂(lè)業(yè)：安定地生活，愉快地工作。

(3)斷章取義：不顧上下文，孤立截取其中的一句或一段。斷，截取。章，篇章。

(4)不二法門(mén)：比喻最好的或獨(dú)一無(wú)二的方法。

(5)言不及義：指凈說(shuō)些無(wú)聊的話，沒(méi)有一句正經(jīng)的。及，涉及。義，正經(jīng)的道理。

(6)褻瀆：輕慢，不敬。

(7)強(qiáng)聒不舍：嘮叨沒(méi)完沒(méi)了。

在讀寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中，可以采取幾種方法幫助學(xué)生盡快、正確地掌握，比如讓學(xué)生自己尋找最容易寫(xiě)錯(cuò)的字詞并提問(wèn)，或者個(gè)別同學(xué)在黑板上聽(tīng)寫(xiě)，也可以是同桌兩個(gè)人相互提問(wèn)的方式。

教師介紹有關(guān)演講的常識(shí)。學(xué)生邊記邊思考，并且聯(lián)系在電視中所看過(guò)的大學(xué)生演講比賽等節(jié)目來(lái)體驗(yàn)、理解。

2.自讀課文，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)。

學(xué)生自由讀課文，圈點(diǎn)勾畫(huà)文中表現(xiàn)作者對(duì)敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)看法的語(yǔ)句。對(duì)文中作者的觀點(diǎn)體會(huì)最深的是哪一點(diǎn)?請(qǐng)結(jié)合自身的學(xué)習(xí)生活，談?wù)勀愕睦斫狻?/p>

學(xué)生自由發(fā)表對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)的感受，小組交流。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，學(xué)生提出的問(wèn)題，先讓學(xué)生來(lái)解決，因?yàn)橛械膯?wèn)題，這個(gè)學(xué)生不會(huì)，可能別的同學(xué)恰恰理解得比較到位。找一個(gè)小組把組內(nèi)梳理的文章結(jié)構(gòu)提交全班，有不同意見(jiàn)可討論。教師可以借梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)，解決學(xué)生的疑惑點(diǎn)，加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)議論文結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識(shí)。

分析：本文共九段，總體結(jié)構(gòu)是“總—分—總”式，開(kāi)頭部分總起全篇，然后分別論述敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)，兩個(gè)分論點(diǎn)平行并列;最后總結(jié)全篇。全文可分為三個(gè)部分：

第一部分(第1段)：交代題目的來(lái)源，揭示全篇的論述中心。

第二部分(第2～8段)：論述敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)的重要。本部分是全文主體，分三層進(jìn)行論述。

第一層(第2～5段)：論述有業(yè)的必要。

第二層(第6～7段)：論述敬業(yè)的重要。

第三層(第8段)：論述樂(lè)業(yè)的重要。

第三部分(第9段)：總結(jié)全篇，勉勵(lì)人們敬業(yè)樂(lè)業(yè)。

學(xué)生分小組聲情并茂地朗誦這篇演講詞，甚至可以走上講臺(tái)做模擬演講式朗讀。試找出并積累幾條自己認(rèn)為論述敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)最精彩的警句，讓學(xué)生體會(huì)講道理的論證方法。

課文論述為什么要敬業(yè)時(shí)，舉大總統(tǒng)和拉黃包車(chē)這兩件事論證;論述怎樣做到敬業(yè)時(shí)，舉木匠做成一張好桌子和政治家建設(shè)一個(gè)共和國(guó)、挑糞的把馬桶收拾干凈和當(dāng)軍人的打勝一支壓境的敵軍這兩組例子，以兩種差距懸殊的職業(yè)作比，對(duì)比鮮明，說(shuō)服力強(qiáng)。試仿照這種舉例論證的方法，為課文第3、4段再寫(xiě)一組類似的論據(jù)。

這樣做的目的是讓學(xué)生體會(huì)舉事例的論證方法。

三、學(xué)生再讀全文，思考探究問(wèn)題

學(xué)生再次帶著問(wèn)題朗讀課文，然后討論，全班交流，學(xué)生互相評(píng)論補(bǔ)充，明確問(wèn)題要點(diǎn)：

(1)演講開(kāi)始，作者就開(kāi)宗明義提出了“敬業(yè)樂(lè)業(yè)”的主旨，說(shuō)它是“人類生活的不二法門(mén)”。接下來(lái)，文中圍繞主旨談了哪幾個(gè)問(wèn)題?它們之間有著怎樣的邏輯聯(lián)系?

(2)演講最后，作者言簡(jiǎn)意賅地把“敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)”總結(jié)為“責(zé)任心”和“趣味”，說(shuō)“我深信人類合理的生活總該如此”。那么，你認(rèn)為“人類合理的生活”應(yīng)該是怎樣的?

(3)本文的寫(xiě)作特色和語(yǔ)言特色有哪些?

學(xué)生回答，教師明確：

(1)梁?jiǎn)⒊谩抖Y記》和《老子》中的格言，“斷章取義”歸結(jié)出“敬業(yè)樂(lè)業(yè)”的主旨后，分別談?wù)摿恕坝袠I(yè)”“敬業(yè)”和“樂(lè)業(yè)”三個(gè)問(wèn)題。

“敬業(yè)樂(lè)業(yè)”的前提是“有業(yè)”，“百行業(yè)為先，萬(wàn)惡懶為首”強(qiáng)調(diào)了“有業(yè)”是做人之本。“敬業(yè)”的含義就是專心致志、心無(wú)旁騖，“敬業(yè)主義，于人生最為必要，又于人生最為有利”。僅有“發(fā)憤忘食”的“敬業(yè)”還不夠，“樂(lè)以忘憂”的“樂(lè)業(yè)”才是人生最高的境界和價(jià)值。

(2)“合理的生活”，首先是有一份正當(dāng)?shù)穆殬I(yè)(或任何一件有價(jià)值的事情)，不能“飽食終日，無(wú)所用心”。對(duì)于所做的事情，要生出敬意，從而全神貫注，心無(wú)旁騖，忠實(shí)地把它做好;要從專心做事中發(fā)現(xiàn)樂(lè)趣，不是皺著眉頭、滿腹牢騷地叫苦，而是達(dá)到“樂(lè)以忘憂”的境界。

(3)寫(xiě)作特色：論證說(shuō)理，引經(jīng)據(jù)典。

語(yǔ)言特色：語(yǔ)言通俗淺顯，準(zhǔn)確周密，生動(dòng)有力。

四、小結(jié)

這一節(jié)課，我們的學(xué)習(xí)目的主要是理清作者的思路，體會(huì)作者怎樣層層深入地論述自己的觀點(diǎn);初步學(xué)習(xí)舉例子和講道理的論證方法，了解演講詞的文體特點(diǎn)。

五、布置作業(yè)

1.文章告訴我們敬業(yè)樂(lè)業(yè)“是人類生活的不二法門(mén)”，在作者眾多的觀點(diǎn)中，你是否有自己的疑惑或者不同見(jiàn)解?

2.反思自己在學(xué)業(yè)中的種.種態(tài)度和做法，談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)本文后的啟發(fā)。

第2課時(shí)

一、導(dǎo)入新課，由落實(shí)上節(jié)課的作業(yè)入手

上節(jié)課同學(xué)們靠自己的力量疏通了文意，理清了文章思路，還感受了演講詞的寫(xiě)作特色和語(yǔ)言特色，這堂課我們結(jié)合“學(xué)習(xí)”是我們學(xué)生的“職業(yè)”這個(gè)實(shí)際，看大家能否談得更真切、更精彩。

二、精讀課文，深入感悟

學(xué)生仔細(xì)研讀課文，品味語(yǔ)言的巧妙之處。

先是學(xué)生發(fā)問(wèn)：鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生提出問(wèn)題，別的同學(xué)按自己的理解解答，其他同學(xué)補(bǔ)充，教師可作適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)。

1.首先是設(shè)問(wèn)巧妙：

①倘若有人問(wèn)我：“百行什么為先?萬(wàn)惡什么為首?”我便一點(diǎn)不遲疑答道：“百行業(yè)為先，萬(wàn)惡懶為首。”

②業(yè)有什么可敬呢?為什么該敬呢?人類一面為生活而勞動(dòng)，一面也是為勞動(dòng)而生活。人類既不是上帝特地制來(lái)充當(dāng)消化面包的機(jī)器，自然該各人因自己的地位和才力，認(rèn)定一件事去做。凡可以名為一件事的，其性質(zhì)都是可敬。

③至于我該做哪一種勞作呢?全看我的才能何如，境地何如。因自己的才能、境地，做一種勞作做到圓滿，便是天地間第一等人。

④怎樣才能把一種勞作做到圓滿呢?惟一的秘訣就是忠實(shí)，忠實(shí)從心理上發(fā)出來(lái)的便是敬。

⑤不愿意做逃得了嗎?到底不能。結(jié)果還是皺著眉頭，哭喪著臉去做。

⑥“凡職業(yè)都是有趣味的，只要你肯繼續(xù)做下去，趣味自然會(huì)發(fā)生?！睘槭裁茨?第一，因?yàn)榉惨患殬I(yè)，總有許多層累、曲折，倘能身入其中，看它變化、進(jìn)展的狀態(tài)，最為親切有味。第二，因?yàn)槊恳宦殬I(yè)之成就，離不了奮斗;一步一步的奮斗前去，從刻苦中將快樂(lè)的分量加增。第三，職業(yè)性質(zhì)，常常要和同業(yè)的人比較駢進(jìn)，好像賽球一般，因競(jìng)勝而得快樂(lè)。第四，專心做一職業(yè)時(shí)，把許多游思、妄想杜絕了，省卻無(wú)限閑煩惱。

2.其次是語(yǔ)言的妙處：“今天所講，敬業(yè)即是責(zé)任心，樂(lè)業(yè)即是趣味。我深信人類合理的生活總該如此，我盼望諸君和我一同受用!”

有一種不可辯駁的力量，但話又說(shuō)得很委婉;“我深信”“我盼望”，沒(méi)有生硬的號(hào)令，但誰(shuí)又能不聽(tīng)他的呢?作者將“敬業(yè)”和“樂(lè)業(yè)”轉(zhuǎn)化成了“責(zé)任心”與“趣味”，去生就熟，去繁就簡(jiǎn)，全然一智者形象。

三、學(xué)生合作研討，質(zhì)疑問(wèn)難

1.學(xué)生默讀課文。

2.學(xué)生自由提出問(wèn)題，把自己的疑惑點(diǎn)提交小組，討論思考。鼓勵(lì)其他同學(xué)按自己的理解解答，教師可作適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)。預(yù)設(shè)學(xué)生的疑惑點(diǎn)有：

(1)作者所論述的“敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)”中的“業(yè)”僅局限于狹義的職業(yè)嗎?

(2)文中說(shuō)，人必須“為勞動(dòng)而生活”“勞作便是功德，不勞作便是罪惡”，你贊同這種說(shuō)法嗎?聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí)生活說(shuō)說(shuō)你的理解。

(3)品味“凡職業(yè)沒(méi)有不是神圣的，所以凡職業(yè)沒(méi)有不是可敬的”的表達(dá)效果。?

學(xué)生研討探究，教師相機(jī)點(diǎn)撥：

(1)文中“業(yè)”的含義并不僅局限于狹義的職業(yè)。正如作者所言：“凡可以名為一件事的，其性質(zhì)都是可敬?！彼?，“敬業(yè)與樂(lè)業(yè)”的意義，就不只限于正式的謀生職業(yè)，也可以指生活中任何一件有價(jià)值的事情，不只限于成人的工作，也可以包括學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。

(2)作者“勞作便是功德，不勞作便是罪惡”的說(shuō)法值得質(zhì)疑。人類或個(gè)體的生活，并不都是只有“勞作”，“休閑”也是人生的重要內(nèi)容。而且，隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，休閑在生活中所占的比例，還在不斷提高。正如“人不是為吃飯而生活”一樣，人也不是“為勞動(dòng)而生活”。其二，人既然是社會(huì)動(dòng)物，其職業(yè)地位、從業(yè)心理就不可能不受社會(huì)環(huán)境的制約。在特定的時(shí)代，拉黃包車(chē)的，即使再敬業(yè)，也要飽受欺凌、困苦卑賤(如《駱駝祥子》中的祥子)，與大總統(tǒng)的生活判若天壤。這時(shí)要求拉黃包車(chē)的要安心、樂(lè)于拉車(chē)，可能嗎?合理嗎?梁?jiǎn)⒊J(rèn)為，木匠與政治家、挑糞的和軍人，大家同是替社會(huì)做事，這個(gè)出發(fā)點(diǎn)是好的，只是在現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中，還需要我們每一個(gè)人能夠在意識(shí)領(lǐng)域里真正消除等級(jí)的鴻溝。

(3)品味：就是“所有的職業(yè)都神圣，所有的職業(yè)都可敬”。前句是由上文事例得出的結(jié)論，后句是由結(jié)論得出的觀點(diǎn)，自然回答上文設(shè)問(wèn)：“業(yè)有什么可敬呢?為什么該敬呢?”雙重否定句更顯立場(chǎng)鮮明。

3.教師發(fā)問(wèn)：文中說(shuō)“因自己的才能、境地，做一種勞作做到圓滿，便是天地間第一等人”。依據(jù)作者的這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量，你能從身邊也發(fā)現(xiàn)一兩位這樣“天地間第一等人”嗎?請(qǐng)聯(lián)系自己的實(shí)際談?wù)勎覀冎袑W(xué)生該如何去做。

學(xué)生即席發(fā)言交流，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生討論，踴躍作答，其他學(xué)生評(píng)析。教師適當(dāng)點(diǎn)撥：那些普通人做的瑣事，很多都忠實(shí)圓滿地完成，他們都可以稱為“天地間第一等人”。這樣的例子在我們身邊有很多。

四、體驗(yàn)反思(多媒體出示)

1.課文中說(shuō)：“事的性質(zhì)，從學(xué)理上解剖起來(lái)，并沒(méi)有高下?！庇终f(shuō)：“我信得過(guò)我當(dāng)木匠的做成一張好桌子，和你們當(dāng)政治家的建設(shè)成一個(gè)共和國(guó)家同一價(jià)值。”然而，有人卻引用拿破侖的話說(shuō)：“不想當(dāng)元帥的士兵不是好士兵。”討論一下，對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題究竟應(yīng)該怎么看。

此問(wèn)題意在激發(fā)學(xué)生的逆向思維和批評(píng)判疑能力，辯證地理解人生問(wèn)題。所討論的問(wèn)題比較復(fù)雜，應(yīng)根據(jù)學(xué)生的理解水平來(lái)把握討論的深度。

組織辯論賽：

教師依據(jù)學(xué)生情形，組織辯論雙方，由班級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)委員擔(dān)任本場(chǎng)辯論主席，教師作適當(dāng)點(diǎn)評(píng)。辯題：想當(dāng)元帥的士兵是好士兵，安于職守的士兵是好士兵。

小結(jié)：課文中，作者認(rèn)為任何職業(yè)不分高下，是勸告那些“坐這山，望那山，一事無(wú)成”的人們，要腳踏實(shí)地、勤懇敬業(yè)，才有可能把事情做好，進(jìn)而體會(huì)職業(yè)的樂(lè)趣和人生的價(jià)值。從現(xiàn)實(shí)的個(gè)人生活幸福考慮，只有這樣，才能安身立命(儒家)，獲得心靈的寧?kù)o與平和(佛家)。

拿破侖的名言，則是為了激勵(lì)人們樹(shù)立遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù)，努力挖掘自身潛能，勇于向命運(yùn)發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)。另一方面，在特定的社會(huì)歷史階段，職業(yè)分工的確有“尊卑”之別，任勞任怨地“敬業(yè)”未必能保證最基本的生存需要與獲得尊重。這時(shí)候，還要讓職業(yè)卑賤者“敬業(yè)樂(lè)業(yè)”，不僅不太可能，而且有維護(hù)既有等級(jí)秩序之嫌。拿破侖的話也有問(wèn)題：在一支部隊(duì)里，元帥只能有一個(gè)，士兵卻需要千千萬(wàn)，如果每一個(gè)士兵都不安心做士兵，都懷揣著元帥夢(mèng)，那么這支部隊(duì)的戰(zhàn)斗力也大為可疑。畢竟，社會(huì)所提供的“元帥”職位是少之又少的，如果大多數(shù)“士兵”想當(dāng)“元帥”又當(dāng)不了士兵，人生豈不盡是一場(chǎng)失敗?

可見(jiàn)，兩種說(shuō)法適用的語(yǔ)境有所不同，反映的人生觀也有區(qū)別。如果說(shuō)，梁?jiǎn)⒊虒?dǎo)人們要忠于本職、不可好高騖遠(yuǎn)，體現(xiàn)了隱忍而自斂的中國(guó)人生哲學(xué)，那么，拿破侖鼓勵(lì)士兵要爭(zhēng)當(dāng)元帥，則是典型的西方個(gè)人本位的進(jìn)取型、外向型人生觀。

2.通過(guò)對(duì)本文的學(xué)習(xí)，說(shuō)一說(shuō)什么是真正的經(jīng)得起時(shí)間考驗(yàn)的快樂(lè)。學(xué)生談體會(huì)。

本環(huán)節(jié)采用學(xué)生辯論的形式進(jìn)行，教師作適當(dāng)發(fā)問(wèn)、引導(dǎo)、點(diǎn)評(píng)。

五、拓展延伸，以讀帶寫(xiě)

1.找出文中自己喜歡的句子或含意深刻的句子，制成資料卡片，要注明出處以及閱讀感悟等，書(shū)寫(xiě)要清楚規(guī)范。

2.結(jié)合“學(xué)習(xí)是我們學(xué)生的職業(yè)”這個(gè)實(shí)際，深入解讀，談?wù)劯惺堋?/p>

引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合自身體驗(yàn)進(jìn)行自省式閱讀，鼓勵(lì)有獨(dú)特見(jiàn)解，進(jìn)行個(gè)性化表達(dá)。

3.請(qǐng)為“凡職業(yè)都是有趣味的”提供幾個(gè)例子。

教師可以自己的教育快樂(lè)觀證明職業(yè)是有趣味的：“在淺薄浮躁與急功近利的今天，語(yǔ)文給我回腸蕩氣的情感，給我美的升華，語(yǔ)文是我生活里一幅永恒的圖畫(huà)。在語(yǔ)文園地里耕耘，我快樂(lè)!”同時(shí)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生樹(shù)立快樂(lè)學(xué)習(xí)的觀點(diǎn)。

六、布置作業(yè)

1.作者教我們?cè)鯓痈惺苈殬I(yè)中的趣味，你平時(shí)有這種感受嗎?說(shuō)出來(lái)與大家分享。

2.作者說(shuō)“凡職業(yè)都是有趣味的”，你同意嗎?既然這樣，你如何看待跳槽現(xiàn)象?

把上面的感受和觀點(diǎn)寫(xiě)在練筆本上。

資料鏈接

作者資料：梁?jiǎn)⒊?1873～1929)，字卓如，號(hào)任公，別號(hào)飲冰子、哀時(shí)客、飲冰室主人、自由齋主人等，廣東新會(huì)人。中國(guó)近代著名的政治活動(dòng)家、啟蒙思想家、資產(chǎn)階級(jí)宣傳家、教育家、史學(xué)家和文學(xué)家。十七歲中舉，后隨其師康有為參與維新變法，事敗后流亡日本，在當(dāng)?shù)貏?chuàng)辦《新小說(shuō)》雜志，并與孫中山等革命人士來(lái)往密切?；貒?guó)后又曾組織進(jìn)步黨爭(zhēng)取憲政。1920年后，脫離政界，先后在清華、南開(kāi)任教授，并專心著述。梁?jiǎn)⒊d趣廣泛，學(xué)識(shí)淵博，在文學(xué)、史學(xué)、哲學(xué)、佛學(xué)等諸多領(lǐng)域，都有較深的造詣。一生著述宏富，所遺《飲冰室合集》計(jì)148卷，1 000余萬(wàn)字。為后人留下了豐厚的學(xué)術(shù)遺產(chǎn)，成為一代宗師。梁?jiǎn)⒊乔迥┟癯踔袊?guó)文壇上影響最大的一個(gè)人物，他自1899年起提倡的文學(xué)革命開(kāi)辟了近代文學(xué)理論探索和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的新局面。

二、演講的基本知識(shí)

演講是以口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的方式面對(duì)聽(tīng)眾，就某一問(wèn)題發(fā)表自己觀點(diǎn)，闡述某一事理的活動(dòng)。演講不僅是宣傳和動(dòng)員群眾的手段，而且還是闡明理論觀點(diǎn)、發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)見(jiàn)解的一種手段，同時(shí)又是鍛煉和培養(yǎng)青年口才的一種手段。演講時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾方面要求：①認(rèn)清對(duì)象。確立主旨。這里講的是針對(duì)性。演講是直接面對(duì)聽(tīng)眾交流思想和感情，所以必須了解聽(tīng)眾對(duì)象，認(rèn)清環(huán)境場(chǎng)合，明確演講的主旨?！暗绞裁瓷缴铣裁锤琛保瑢?duì)于演講尤為重要。②思路清晰，節(jié)奏明快。③感情充沛，例證動(dòng)人。④語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確，形象生動(dòng)。

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